Publications

  • Elman, J.L., & McRae, K. (under review). A model of event knowledge.

  • Elman, J.L., & McRae, K. (2017). A model of event knowledge. In G. Gunzelmann, A. Howes, T. Tenbrink, & E. J. Davelaar (Eds.), Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 337-342). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society. Adobe PDF version PDF.

  • Borovsky, A., Ellis, E.M., Evans, J.L., & Elman, J.L. (2016). Semantic structure in vocabulary knowledge interacts with lexical and sentence processing in infancy. Child Development, 87, 1893-1908. [doi: 10.1111/cdev.12554] Adobe PDF version PDF.

  • Metusalem, R., Kutas, M., Urbach, T.P., & Elman, J.L. (2016). Hemispheric asymmetry in event knowledge activation during incremental language comprehension: A visual half-field ERP study. Neuropsychologia, 84, 252-271. [doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.02.004] Adobe PDF version PDF.

  • Borovsky, A., Ellis, E.M., Evans, J.L., & Elman, J.L. (2016). Lexical leverage: Category knowledge boosts real-time novel word recognition in 2-year-olds. Developmental Science, 19, 918-932. [doi: 10.1111/desc.1234] Adobe PDF version.

  • Ellis, E.M., Borovsky, A., Elman, J.L., & Evans, J.L. (2015). Novel Word Learning: An Eye-Tracking Study Are 18-Month-Old Late Talkers Really Different from their Typical Peers? Journal of Communication Disorders, 58, 143-157. Adobe PDF version.

  • Elman, J.L. (2014). Systematicity in the lexicon: On having your cake and eating it too. In P. Calvo and J. Symons (Eds.) . The Architecture of Cognition: Rethinking Fodor and Pylyshyn’s Systematicity Challenge. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Pp. 115-145. Adobe PDF version.

  • Borovsky, A., Sweeney, K., & Elman, J.L. (2014). Real-time interpretation of novel events across childhood. Journal of Memory and Language, 73, 1-14. [doi: 10.1016/jml.2014.02.001] Adobe PDF version.

  • Borovsky, A., Burns, E., Elman, J.L., & Evans, J.L. (2013). Lexical activation during sentence comprehension in adolescents with history of Specific Language Impairment. Journal of Communication Disorders, 46, 413-427. [doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2013.09.001] Adobe PDF version.

  • Travis, K.E., Curran, M.M., Torres, C., Leonard, M.K., Brown, T.T., Dale, A.M., Elman, J.L., & Halgren, E. (2013). Age-related changes in tissue signal properties within cortical areas important for word understanding in 12-19 month old infants. Cerebral Cortex. [doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhs228] Adobe PDF version.

  • Borovsky, A., Elman, J.L., & Kutas, M. (2013). Getting it right: Word learning across the hemispheres. Neuropsychologia, 51, 825-837. [doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.01.027] [PMID: 23416731] Adobe PDF version.

  • Travis, K.E., Leonard, M.K., Chan, A.M., Torres, C., Sizemore, M.L., Qu, Z., Eskandar, E., Dale, A.M., Elman, J.L., Cash, S.S., & Halgren, E. (2013). Independence of early speech processing from word meaning. Cerebral Cortex, 23, 2370-2379. [doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs228] Adobe PDF version.

  • Borovsky, A., Elman, J.L., & Fernald, A. (2012). Knowing a lot for one’s age: Vocabulary skill and not age is associated with anticipatory incremental sentence interpretation in children and adults. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 112, 417-436. [doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2012.01.005] Adobe PDF version.

  • Borovsky, A., Elman, J.L., & Kutas, M. (2012). Once is enough: N400 indexes semantic integration of novel word meanings from a single exposure in context. Language Learning and Development. [doi:10.1080/15475441.2011.614893] Adobe PDF version.

  • Metusalem, R., Kutas, M., Urbach, T., Hare, M., McRae, K., & Elman, J.L. (2012). Generalized event knowledge activation during online sentence comprehension. Journal of Memory and Language. [doi:10.1016/j.jml.2012.01.001] Adobe PDF version.

  • Elman, J.L. (2011). Lexical knowledge without a mental lexicon? The Mental Lexicon, 60, 1-33. [doi:10.1075/ml.6.1.01elm] Adobe PDF version.

  • Leonard, M.K., Torres, C., Travis, K.E., Brown, T.T., Hagler, D.J., Dale, A.M., Elman, J.L., & Halgret, E. (2011). Language proficiency modulates the recruitment of non-classical language areas in bilinguals. PLoS ONE 6(3): e18240. [doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018240] Adobe PDF version.

  • Matsuki, K., Chow, T., Hare, M., Elman, J.L., Scheepers, C., & McRae, K. (2011). Event-based plausibility immediately influences on-line language comprehension. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 37, 913-934. [doi:10.1037/a0022964] Adobe PDF version.

  • Travis, K.E., Leonard, M.K., Brown, T.T., Hagler, D.J., Curran, M., Dale, A.M., Elman, J.L., & Halgren, E. (2011). Spatiotemporal neural dynamics of word understanding in 12-18 month old infants. Cerebral Cortex. [doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq259] Adobe PDF version.

  • Bicknell, K., Elman, J. L., Hare, M., McRae, K., & Kutas, M. (2010). Effects of event knowledge in processing verbal arguments. Journal of Memory and Language, 63, 489–505. [doi:10.1016/j.jml.2010.08.004] Adobe PDF version.

  • Borovsky, A., Kutas, M. & Elman, J. Learning to use words: Event-related potentials index single-shot word learning Cognition, 116, 289-296. [doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2010.05.004] Adobe PDF version.

  • Leonard, M.K., Brown, T.T., Travis, K.E., Gharapetian, L. Hagler, D.J., Dale, A.M., Elman, J.L., & Halgren, E. (2010). Spatiotemporal dynamics of bilingual word processing. NeuroImage. [doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.009] Adobe PDF version.

  • Elman, J. L. (2009). On the meaning of words and dionosaur bones: Lexical knowledge without a lexicon. Cognitive Science, 33, 1-36. [doi:10.1111/j.1551-6709.2009.01023.x] Adobe PDF version.

  • Elman, J. L. (2008). The shape bias: An important piece in a bigger puzzle. Developmental Science, 11, 219-222.Adobe PDF version.

  • Sibley, D.E., Kello, C.T., Plaut, D.C., & Elman, J. L. (2008). Large-scale modeling of wordform learning and representation. Cognitive Science, 32, 741-754. Adobe PDF version.

  • Elman, J. L. (2008). The shape bias: An important piece in a bigger puzzle. Developmental Science, 11, 219-222.Adobe PDF version.

  • Kehler, A., Kertz, L., Rohde, H., & Elman, J.L. (2008). Coherence and coreference revisited. Journal of Semantics, 25, 1-44. Adobe PDF version.

  • Huang, M-X., Saong, T., Hagler, D.J., Podgorny, I., Jousmaki, V., Cui, L., Gaa, K., Harrington, D.L., Dale, A.M., Lee, R.R., Elman, J., & Halgren, E. (2007). A novel integrated MEG and EEG analysis method for dipolar sources. Neuroimage, 37, 731-748. [doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.06.002]Adobe PDF version.

  • Lewis, J.D., & Elman, J.L. (2008). Growth-related neural reorganization and the autism phenotype: A test of the hypothesis that altered brain growth leads to altered connectivity. Developmental Science, 11, 135-155. Adobe PDF version.

  • Roland, D., Dick, F., & Elman, J.L. (2007). Frequency of basic English grammatical structures: A corpus analysis. Journal of Memory and Language, 57, 348-379. Adobe PDF version.
  • Borovsky, A., & Elman, J.L. (2006). Language input and semantic categories: A relation between cognition and early word learning. Journal of Child Language, 33, 759-790. Adobe PDF version.

  • Kertz, L., Kehler, A., & Elman, J.L. (2006). Grammatical and coherence-based factors in pronoun interpretation. Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Adobe PDF version.

  • Rohde, H., Kehler, A., & Elman, J.L. (2006). Event structure and discourse coherence biases in pronoun interpretation. Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Adobe PDF version.

  • Shieh, D.X., & Elman, J.L. (2006). The Divergent-Reconvergent model of serial order encoding and retrieval. Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Adobe PDF version.

  • Roland, D., Elman, J.L., & Ferreira, V.S. (2006). Why is that? Structural prediction and ambiguity resolution in a very large corpus of English sentences.Cognition, 98, 245-272. Adobe PDF version.

  • Elman, J.L. (2006). Computational approaches to language acquisition. In K. Brown (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, Second Edition, volume 2, pp. 726-732. Oxford: Elsevier. Adobe PDF version.

  • McRae, K., Hare, M., Elman, J.L., & Ferretti, T. (2006). A basis for generating expectancies for verbs from nouns. Memory and Cognition, 33, 1174-1184. Adobe PDF version.

  • Elman, J.L. (2005). Connectionist models of cognitive development: Where next? Trends in Cognitive Science, 9, 111-117. Adobe PDF version.

  • Elman, J.L. (2004). An alternative view of the mental lexicon. Trends in Cognitive Science, 7, 301-306 Adobe PDF version.

  • Hare, M., McRae, K., & Elman, J.L. (2004). Admitting that admitting verb sense into corpus analyses makes sense. Language and Cognitive Processes, 19, 181-224.Adobe PDF  version.

  • Elman, J., Hare, M., & McRae, K. (2004). Cues, constraints, and competition in sentence processing. In M. Tomasello and D. Slobin (Eds.) Beyond Nature-Nurtur: Essays in Honor of Elizabeth Bates. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

  • Elman, J.L. (2003). Generalization from sparse input. Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society. Adobe PDF version.

  • Elman, J.L. (2003). Development: It’s about time. Developmental Science, 6, 430-433. Adobe PDF version.

  • Hare, M., McRae, K., & Elman, J.L. (2003). Sense and structure: Meaning as a determinant of verb subcategorization preferences.Journal of Memory and Language, 48, 281-303.Adobe PDF version.

  • Bates, E.A., & Elman, J.L. (2002). Connectionism and the study of change. In Mark Johnson (Ed.), Brain development and cognition: A reader (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Adobe PDF version.

  • Lewis, J.D., & Elman, J.L. (2001). Learnability and the statistical structure of language: Poverty of stimulus arguments revisted.Proceedings of the 26thAnnual Boston University Conference on Language Development.Adobe PDF version.

  • Elman, J.L. (2001). Connectionism and language acquisition. In M. Tomasello & E. Bates (Eds.), Essential Readings in Language Acquisition.). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Adobe PDF version.

  • Morris W.C., Cottrell, G.W., & Elman, J.L. (2000). A connectionist simulation of the empirical acquisition of grammatical relations. In Stefan Wermter and Run Sun (Eds.) Hybrid Neural Symbolic Integration. Springer Verlag. Adobe PDF version.

  • Rodriguez, P. & Elman, J.L. (1999). Watching the transients: Viewing a simple recurrent network as a limited counter. Biometrika, 26, 51-74. Adobe PDF version.

  • Rodriguez P., Wiles, J., & Elman, J.L. (1999). A recurrent neural network that learns to count. Connection Science, 11, 5-40. Adobe PDF version.

  • Seidenberg, M., & Elman, J.L. (1999). Do infants learn grammar with algebra or statistics? Letter to Science commenting on Marcus et al., 1999.Science, 284, April 16, 1999; p 433. HTML

  • Seidenberg, M., & Elman, J.L. (1999). Networks are not ‘hidden rules’. Trends in Cognitive Science, 3, 288-289. Adobe PDF version.

  • Elman, J.L. (1999). The emergence of language: A conspiracy theory. In B. MacWhinney (Ed.) Emergence of Language. Hillsdale, NJ: LawrenceEarlbaum Associates. Adobe PDF version.

  • Elman, J.L. (1998). Generalization, simple recurrent networks, and the emergence of structure. In M.A. Gernsbacher and S.J. Derry (Eds.) Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Adobe PDF version.

  • Elman, J. L. (1998). Connectionism, artificial life, and dynamical systems: New approaches to old questions. In W. Bechtel and G. Graham (Eds.) A Companion to Cognitive Science. Oxford: Basil Blackwood. Adobe PDF version.

  • Karmiloff-Smith, A., Plunkett, K., Johnson, M.H., Elman, J.L., & Bates, E.A. (1998). What does it mean to claim that something is ‘Innate’? Mind & Language, 13:4, 588-597. Adobe PDF version.

  • Bates, E. Elman, J., Johnson, M., Karmiloff-Smith, A., Parisi, D., & Plunkett, K. (1998). Innateness and emergentism. In W. Bechtel and G. Graham (Eds.) A Companion to Cognitive Science. Oxford: Basil Blackwood. Adobe PDF version.

  • Bates, E., & Elman, J.L. (1997). Learning rediscovered: A perspective on Saffran, Aslin, and Newport. Adobe PDF version; see also subsequent letters to Science in reply.

  • Elman, J. L., Bates, E.A., Johnson, M., Karmiloff-Smith, A., Parisi, D., & Plunkett, K. (1996). Rethinking Innateness: A Connectionist Perspective on Development.  Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

  • Plunkett, K., & Elman, J.L. (1996). Rethinking Innateness: A Handbook for Connectionist SImulations. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

  • Elman, J.L. (1995). Language as a dyncamical system. In R. Port & T. van Gelder (Eds.), Mind as Motion. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Adobe PDF version.

  • Wiles, J., & Elman, J. L. (1995). Learning to count without a counter: A case study of dynamics and activation landscapes in recurrent networks.Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Adobe PDF version.

  • Hare, M. Elman, J.L. , & Daugherty, K.G. (1995) Default generalization in connectionist networks. Language and Cognitive Processes, 10, 601-630.Adobe PDF version.

  • Hare, M., & Elman, J.L. (1995). Learning and morphological change. Cognition, 56, 61-98. Adobe PDF version.

  • Nolfi, S., Elman, J.L., & Parisi, D. (1994). Learning and evolution in neural networks. Adaptive Behavior, 3:1, 5-28. Adobe PDF version.

  • Elman, J.L. (1993). Learning and development in neural networks: The importance of starting small. Cognition, 48, 71-99. Adobe PDF version.

  • Weckerly, J., & Elman, J.L. (1992). A PDP approach to processing center-embedded sentences. In Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Adobe PDF version.

  • Elman, J. L. (1991). Distributed representations, simple recurrent networks, and grammatical structure. Machine Learning, 7, 195-224. Adobe PDF version.

  • Elman, J.L. (1990). Finding structure in time. Cognitive Science, 14, 179-211. Adobe PDF version;   [An earlier version of this paper appeared as CRL Technical Report 8801. That TR is no longer available and has been superseded by the published version.]

  • Elman, J. L., & McClelland, J. L. (1988). Cognitive penetration of the mechanisms of perception: Compensation for coarticulation of lexically restored phonemes. Journal of Memory and Language, 27, 143-165. Adobe PDF version.

  • Elman, J.L., & Zipser, D. (1988). Learning the hidden structure of speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 83, 1615-1626. Adobe PDF version.
  • Elman, J. L., & McClelland, J. L. (1986). Exploiting the lawful variability in the speech wave. In J. S. Perkell and D. H. Klatt (Eds.), Invariance and variability of speech processes. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Adobe PDF version.

  • McClelland, J.L., & Elman, J.L. (1986). The TRACE model of speech perception. Cognitive Psychology, 18, 1-86. Adobe PDF version.

  • Elman, J.L., Diehl, R.L., & Buchwald, S.E. (1977). Perceptual switching in bilinguals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 62, 971-974. Adobe PDF version.
  • For other papers, email me directly.