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Table 38: Correlations of Independent with Dependent Cross-Language Summary
                Variables
Table 39: Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on Name Agreement
Table 40: Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on Number of Types
Table 41: Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on "Same Name"
Table 42: Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on Target RT
Table 43: Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on Naming Disparity Scores
                for Each Language
Table 44: Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on Target RT Disparity
                Scores for Each Language
Table 45: Regressions of Cross-Language Independent Variables on Cross-Language
                Summary Scores for Naming Behavior

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Table 38
Correlations of Independent with Dependent Cross-Language Summary Variables

Average Name Agreement
Average Target Latencies
Average Number of Types
Disparity in Name Agreement
Disparity in Target Latencies
Cross-Language Length Factor -11.* +.18** +.10* +.19** +.20**
Cross-Language Frequency Factor +.25** -.44** -.27** -.23** -.35**
Goodness of Depiction +.41** -.57** -.50** -.14** -.25**
Visual Complexity ns ns ns ns ns

(levels of significance: p<0.01 level: **, p<0.05 level: *, p<0.1 level: ~)



Table 39
Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on Name Agreement
(Total variance & percent unique variance accounted for by each predictor after all the others are controlled)

PREDICTORS

English

German

Spanish

Italian

Bulgarian

Hungarian

Chinese

Goodness of Depiction

+14.5**

+6.9**

+6.1**

+4.9**

+7.0**

+6.6**

+10.5**

Visual Complexity

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

Frequency

+3.2**

+3.4**

+0.8*

+2.9**

+0.8*

ns

+6.2**

Length in Syllables

ns

ns

-1.4**

-1.8**

ns

-1.5**

+ 0.9*

Initial Frication

+0.5~

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

TOTAL

19.8**

11.4**

9.2**

11.4**

8.0**

10.1**

19.2**

(levels of significance: p<0.01 level: **, p<0.05 level: *, p<0.1 level: ~; plus/minus indicates direction of contribution)


Table 40
Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on Number of Types
(Total variance & percent unique variance accounted for by each predictor after all the others are controlled)

PREDICTORS

English

German

Spanish

Italian

Bulgarian

Hungarian

Chinese

Goodness of Depiction
-22.1** -13.0** -11.1** -8.8** -13.6** -13.5** -13.8**
Visual Complexity
ns +0.5~ ns ns ns ns ns
Frequency
-1.8** -2.2** -1.4* -2.4** ns -0.5~ -6.2**
Length in Syllables
ns ns +1.1* +0.9* ns ns ns
Initial Frication
ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
TOTAL
26.3** 16.7** 14.9** 13.3** 14.3** 14.7** 22.3**
(levels of significance: p<0.01 level: **, p<0.05 level: *, p<0.1 level: ~; plus/minus indicates direction of contribution)


Table 41
Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on "Same Name"
(Total variance & percent unique variance accounted for by each predictor after all the others are controlled)

PREDICTORS

English

German

Spanish

Italian

Bulgarian

Hungarian

Chinese

Goodness of Depiction
ns ns ns ns +0.9* +0.5~ ns
Visual Complexity
ns -0.7~ ns ns ns +0.5~ -1.5**
Frequency
+ 0.8* +0.5~ +1.7** +0.8* +3.6** +3.8** -1.1*
Length in Syllables
ns -1.1* -0.6~ ns -2.1** ns -3.7**
Initial Frication
ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
TOTAL
2.8* 4.0** 3.7** 1.8 ns 7.2** 7.7** 7.2**

(levels of significance: p<0.01 level: **, p<0.05 level: *, p<0.1 level: ~; plus/minus indicates direction of contribution)



Table 42
Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on Target RT
(Total variance & percent unique variance accounted for by each predictor after all the others are controlled)

PREDICTORS

English

German

Spanish

Italian

Bulgarian

Hungarian

Chinese

Goodness of Depiction
-31.7** -22.8** -19.8** -19.8** -24.5** -20.6** -24.6**
Visual Complexity
ns +0.6* ns ns +0.6* ns ns
Frequency
-6.8** -5.6** -3.2** -8.2** -7.1** -3.6** -10.1**
Length in Syllables
ns ns +1.0** + 0.6* ns + 0.9* ns
Initial Frication
ns +0.8* ns ns +0.7* ns ns
TOTAL
43.3** 33.5** 26.3** 30.8** 32.4** 28.4** 39.6**

(levels of significance: p<0.01 level: **, p<0.05 level: *, p<0.1 level: ~; plus/minus indicates direction of contribution)



Table 43
Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on Naming Disparity Scores
for Each Language
(Total variance & percent unique variance accounted for by each predictor after all the others are controlled)

PREDICTORS

English

German

Spanish

Italian

Bulgarian

Hungarian

Chinese

Goodness of Depiction
+2.2** ns ns -1.1* ns ns ns
Visual Complexity
ns - 0.7~ ns ns ns ns ns
Frequency
ns +0.8* ns +1.0* ns ns +1.6**
Length in Syllables
ns +0.5~ -1.3* -2.0** ns -0.6~ +0.9 *
Initial Frication
ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
TOTAL
2.8* 1.9~ 1.6 ns 5.4** 0.7 ns 1.4 ns 3.4**

(levels of significance: p<0.01 level: **, p<0.05 level: *, p<0.1 level: ~; plus/minus indicates direction of contribution,
positive score indicates a relative advantage for that language)



Table 44
Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on Target RT Disparity
                Scores for Each Language
(Total variance & percent unique variance accounted for by each predictor after all the others are controlled)

PREDICTORS

English

German

Spanish

Italian

Bulgarian

Hungarian

Chinese

Goodness of Depiction
-2.4** ns ns +0.9* ns ns ns
Visual Complexity
- 0.6~ +0.7 ~ ns ns +0.8* ns ns
Frequency
ns ns ns -2.1** ns ns -1.4 **
Length in Syllables
ns ns +0.7 ~ +1.6 ** +0.8 * + 0.6~ ns
Initial Frication
ns +1.5** ns ns +2.4 ** ns ns
TOTAL
3.5** 2.3* 1.6 ns 6.4** 3.9** 1.0 ns 2.1~

(levels of significance: p<0.01 level: **, p<0.05 level: *, p<0.1 level: ~; plus/minus indicates direction of contribution,
positive score indicates a relative advantage for that language)



Table 45
Regressions of Cross-Language Independent Variables on Cross-Language
                Summary Scores for Naming Behavior
Total Percent Variance Accounted for and Unique Contributions of each Predictor on the Final Step

PREDICTORS

Average Name Agreement
Average Target Latencies
Average Number of Types
Disparity in Name Agreement
Disparity in Target Latencies
Goodness of Depiction
+15.9** -28.8** -23.6** -1.7** -5.6**
Visual Complexity
ns ns ns ns ns
Cross-Language Length Factor
ns ns ns + 1.1** ns
Cross-Language Frequency Factor
+ 3.6** -12.3** - 4.3** -1.9** -7.1**
Total Variance Accounted For
22.6** 49.0** 30.3** 18.2** 18.2**

(levels of significance: p<0.01 level: **, p<0.05 level: *, p<0.1 level: ~; plus/minus indicates direction of contribution)