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Table 38: Correlations of Independent with Dependent Cross-Language Summary
                Variables
Table 39: Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on Name Agreement
Table 40: Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on Number of Types
Table 41: Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on "Same Name"
Table 42: Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on Target RT
Table 43: Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on Naming Disparity Scores
                for Each Language
Table 44: Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on Target RT Disparity
                Scores for Each Language
Table 45: Regressions of Cross-Language Independent Variables on Cross-Language
                Summary Scores for Naming Behavior

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Table 38
Correlations of Independent with Dependent Cross-Language Summary Variables

Average Name Agreement
Average Target Latencies
Average Number of Types
Disparity in Name Agreement
Disparity in Target Latencies
Cross-Language Length Factor -11.* +.18** +.10* +.19** +.20**
Cross-Language Frequency Factor +.25** -.44** -.27** -.23** -.35**
Goodness of Depiction +.41** -.57** -.50** -.14** -.25**
Visual Complexity ns ns ns ns ns

(levels of significance: p<0.01 level: **, p<0.05 level: *, p<0.1 level: ~)


Table 39
Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on Name Agreement
(Total variance & percent unique variance accounted for by each predictor after all the others are controlled)

PREDICTORS

English

German

Spanish

Italian

Bulgarian

Hungarian

Chinese
Goodness of Depiction

+14.5**

+6.9**

+6.1**

+4.9**

+7.0**

+6.6**

+10.5**
Visual Complexity

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns
Frequency

+3.2**

+3.4**

+0.8*

+2.9**

+0.8*

ns

+6.2**
Length in Syllables

ns

ns

-1.4**

-1.8**

ns

-1.5**

+ 0.9*
Initial Frication

+0.5~

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns

ns
TOTAL

19.8**

11.4**

9.2**

11.4**

8.0**

10.1**

19.2**
(levels of significance: p<0.01 level: **, p<0.05 level: *, p<0.1 level: ~; plus/minus indicates direction of contribution)


Table 40
Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on Number of Types
(Total variance & percent unique variance accounted for by each predictor after all the others are controlled)

PREDICTORS

English

German

Spanish

Italian

Bulgarian

Hungarian

Chinese
Goodness of Depiction
 -22.1** -13.0** -11.1** -8.8** -13.6** -13.5** -13.8**
Visual Complexity
 ns +0.5~ ns ns ns ns ns
Frequency
 -1.8** -2.2** -1.4* -2.4** ns -0.5~ -6.2**
Length in Syllables
 ns ns +1.1* +0.9* ns ns ns
Initial Frication
 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
TOTAL
 26.3** 16.7** 14.9** 13.3** 14.3** 14.7** 22.3**
(levels of significance: p<0.01 level: **, p<0.05 level: *, p<0.1 level: ~; plus/minus indicates direction of contribution)


Table 41
Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on "Same Name"
(Total variance & percent unique variance accounted for by each predictor after all the others are controlled)

PREDICTORS

English

German

Spanish

Italian

Bulgarian

Hungarian

Chinese
Goodness of Depiction
 ns ns ns ns +0.9* +0.5~ ns
Visual Complexity
 ns -0.7~ ns ns ns +0.5~ -1.5**
Frequency
 + 0.8* +0.5~ +1.7** +0.8* +3.6** +3.8** -1.1*
Length in Syllables
 ns -1.1* -0.6~ ns -2.1** ns -3.7**
Initial Frication
 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
TOTAL
 2.8* 4.0** 3.7** 1.8 ns 7.2** 7.7** 7.2**

(levels of significance: p<0.01 level: **, p<0.05 level: *, p<0.1 level: ~; plus/minus indicates direction of contribution)


Table 42
Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on Target RT
(Total variance & percent unique variance accounted for by each predictor after all the others are controlled)

PREDICTORS

English

German

Spanish

Italian

Bulgarian

Hungarian

Chinese
Goodness of Depiction
 -31.7** -22.8** -19.8** -19.8** -24.5** -20.6** -24.6**
Visual Complexity
 ns +0.6* ns ns +0.6* ns ns
Frequency
 -6.8** -5.6** -3.2** -8.2** -7.1** -3.6** -10.1**
Length in Syllables
 ns ns +1.0** + 0.6* ns + 0.9* ns
Initial Frication
 ns +0.8* ns ns +0.7* ns ns
TOTAL
 43.3** 33.5** 26.3** 30.8** 32.4** 28.4** 39.6**

(levels of significance: p<0.01 level: **, p<0.05 level: *, p<0.1 level: ~; plus/minus indicates direction of contribution)


Table 43
Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on Naming Disparity Scores
for Each Language
(Total variance & percent unique variance accounted for by each predictor after all the others are controlled)

PREDICTORS

English

German

Spanish

Italian

Bulgarian

Hungarian

Chinese
Goodness of Depiction
 +2.2** ns ns -1.1* ns ns ns
Visual Complexity
 ns - 0.7~ ns ns ns ns ns
Frequency
 ns +0.8* ns +1.0* ns ns +1.6**
Length in Syllables
 ns +0.5~ -1.3* -2.0** ns -0.6~ +0.9 *
Initial Frication
 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
TOTAL
 2.8* 1.9~ 1.6 ns 5.4** 0.7 ns 1.4 ns 3.4**

(levels of significance: p<0.01 level: **, p<0.05 level: *, p<0.1 level: ~; plus/minus indicates direction of contribution,
positive score indicates a relative advantage for that language)


Table 44
Regressions of Five Major Independent Variables on Target RT Disparity
                Scores for Each Language
(Total variance & percent unique variance accounted for by each predictor after all the others are controlled)

PREDICTORS

English

German

Spanish

Italian

Bulgarian

Hungarian

Chinese
Goodness of Depiction
 -2.4** ns ns +0.9* ns ns ns
Visual Complexity
 - 0.6~ +0.7 ~ ns ns +0.8* ns ns
Frequency
 ns ns ns -2.1** ns ns -1.4 **
Length in Syllables
 ns ns +0.7 ~ +1.6 ** +0.8 * + 0.6~ ns
Initial Frication
 ns +1.5** ns ns +2.4 ** ns ns
TOTAL
 3.5** 2.3* 1.6 ns 6.4** 3.9** 1.0 ns 2.1~

(levels of significance: p<0.01 level: **, p<0.05 level: *, p<0.1 level: ~; plus/minus indicates direction of contribution,
positive score indicates a relative advantage for that language)


Table 45
Regressions of Cross-Language Independent Variables on Cross-Language
                Summary Scores for Naming Behavior
Total Percent Variance Accounted for and Unique Contributions of each Predictor on the Final Step

PREDICTORS
Average Name Agreement
Average Target Latencies
Average Number of Types
Disparity in Name Agreement
Disparity in Target Latencies
Goodness of Depiction
 +15.9** -28.8** -23.6** -1.7** -5.6**
Visual Complexity
 ns ns ns ns ns
Cross-Language Length Factor
 ns ns ns + 1.1** ns
Cross-Language Frequency Factor
 + 3.6** -12.3** - 4.3** -1.9** -7.1**
Total Variance Accounted For
 22.6** 49.0** 30.3** 18.2** 18.2**

(levels of significance: p<0.01 level: **, p<0.05 level: *, p<0.1 level: ~; plus/minus indicates direction of contribution)


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